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The technological evolution of artillery during the 19th century forced the military authorities to review the defensive system at the national level. From then on, the defense of the territory was organized around a series of separate forts that crossed each other. Grenoble's defense, also linked to the creation of the new kingdom of Italy in 1861, was ensured by the forts of Saint-Eynard, Bourcet, Quatre-Seigneurs, Montavie, Mûrier and Comboire, to which were added several artillery...